Hydraulic pump assemblage



Feb. 16, 1943. E. M. PFAUsER HYDRAULIC PUMP ASSEMBLAGE Original Filed001;. 2l, 1939 ZZ Z9 'VENTOR iff wiz ZMKTTORNX/.

remise ret. ie, 'ieee narran stares amaai' cerros HYDRAULIC PUMPASSEMBLAGE Edward M. Pfauser, Elm Grove, Wis., assigner to BlackhawkMig. Co., Milwaukee, Wis., a corporation of Wisconsin Originalapplication October 21, 1939, Serial No. 300,501. Divided and thisapplication August 6, 1941, Serial No. 405,664

6 claims.` (C1. 10a-41) The present invention relates generally toimprovements in hydraulic systems of the type having a pump operable towithdraw liquid from a reservoir and to deliver the liquid underpressure to a hydraulically actuated device, and also embodying controlmeans for effecting direct re turn of the liquid from the device to thereservoir; and this application is a division ofmy application SerialNo. 300,501, filed October 2l, 1939, now Patent No. 2,255,984, grantedSeptember 16, 1941.

An object of the present invention is to provide an improved hydraulicpump assemblage which is simple and compact in construction, and whichis also highly emcient and flexible in use.

It has heretofore been common practice to utilize hydraulic powersystems, each comprising a portable pump and supply reservoir unit,connected by fiexible tubing to an independently portable ram or jackassemblage, for the purpose of performing various operations with thejack.

' 1n this type of portable power equipment, the

liquid supply reservoir is usually associated directly with the pumpwhich is ordinarily manually operable and is adapted to withdraw liquidfrom the reservoir and to deliver the same under pressure through theconnecting tubing to the remotely located jack; and the pump iscustomarily provided with a by-pass valve for permitting return ofliquid directly from the ram or jack to the reservoir independently ofthe pump displacement chamber. In these prior power systems, it hasheretofore been customary to provide for only one speed or uniformdisplacement by the pump when the piston was being operated at anypredetermined speed, and this feature is objectionable when operatingthe device in cramped quarters, since it does not permit most effectivedelivery of liquid at the desired pressure to the ram or jack, withminimum eiort on the part of the operator.

It is therefore a morerspeciiic object of my present invention, toprovide various improvey ments in the construction and operation ofhydraulic jackror ram systems, whereby the pump may be readily operatedor manipulated to produce the best results under varying conditions of Afurther specific object of the present invention is to provide a new anduseful reciprocable hydraulicv pump, and improved means for controllingthe operation thereof.

Still another specific object of my invention is to provide variousimprovements in portable hydraulic pump and jack systems., whereby theconstruction thereof is simpliiied, the operation is facilitated, andthe utility is enhanced to the maximum.

These and other specific objects and advantages of the invention Willappear in the course of the following description.

A clear conception of the several features constituting the presentimprovement, and of the mode of constructing and of utilizing pump-jackhydraulic systems built in accordance with the invention, may be had byreferring to the drawing accompanying and forming a part of thisspecification wherein like reference characters designate the same orsimilar parts in the various views.

Fig. 1 is a somewhat fragmentary and part sectional view oi a completehydraulic pump actuated jack system, partial central longitudinalcentral sections havingvbeen taken through the pump, supply reservoir,and jack.

Fig. 2 is a top view of the pump and of a fragment of the liquid supplyreservoir of the system of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged transverse vertical section through the pump,taken centrally of the by-pass and system illling valves;

Fig. i is another enlarged transverse section through the pump, takencentrally through the pump displacement chambers;

Fig. 5 is a further enlarged plan view of the rotary control cam for thehydraulic system; and

Fig. 6 is a diagram showing the various elements of the system disposedin a common plane.

While the improvement has been shown and described herein as beingspeciilcally embodied in a three-speed hydraulic pump and jack systemwherein the liquid supply reservoir is directly connected to the pump,it is not my desire or intent to thereby unnecessarily restrict thescope or utility of the invention. i

Referring to the drawing, the improved portable hydraulic power unit orsystem comprises in general, a manually operable three-speed liquid pumphaving a casing i0 provided with large and small adjoining bores il, l2respectively within which large and small integrally united alinedpistons Il, Il are simultaneously reciprocable by means of a commonactuating handle Il; a liquid .connecting the ram cylinder I with theopposite side of the pump casing I5; and valves for controlling the ilowof liquid from the reser' voir to the pump, from the pump to the jack,and from the pump and jack back to the reservoir.

The improved pump is of the three-speed type,

adapted to either actuate the jack at high speed with minimum power, orat moderate speed with lgreater than minimum but less than'maximumpower, or at low speed with maximum power. 'I'his pump assemblage isshown diagrammatically in Fig. 6. and it is to be noted that the largediameter piston I5 has a displacement chamber 24 which is communicablepast a suction valve 25 and through a conduit or suction port 25 withthe liquid chamber 25 ofthe supply reservoir casing I5, and which isalso communi- -cable past a discharge valve 21 and through a port 28with the exible conduit 25 leading to the l plunger displacement chamber25 of the jack. The small diameter pump piston I4 has a displacementchamber 55 which is communicable past a suction valve 5I and throughanother conduit or suction port 52 with the liquid supply chamber 25,and which is also communicable past a discharge valve 55 and through aport 54 with the ilexible conduit 23 and chamber 28. The Iiackdisplacement chamber 25 and flexible` conduit 23 are communicablethrough the port 54 and a passage 35 and past a manually operable reliefvalve 31, through another passage 55 directly with the supply chamber25, and the passage l5 connects with the passage 55 in advance of therelief valve 31, and has an automatic safety release valve 39 locatedtherein. Above the safety valve 39 is vlocated a removable filler plug45 upon removal of which fresh liquid such as oil may be introduced intothe system through a conduit 4I.

The piston displacement chamber 24 and the space betweenthe suction anddischarge'valves 25, 21 0i the larger pump* section, is communicablethrough a passage 42 and' past a'check valve 45, with a conduit 44 whichis in open communication with the supply chamber 25. The piston dis'placement chamber 55 and the .space` between of the valves 45, 45 may beopen, or both valves may be closed. Whenboth' lvalves 45, 45 are closedas in the diagram of Fig. 6, and with the relief valve 51 also closed.operation of the pump pistons I5, I4 will cause liquid to be deliveredfrom the supply chamber 25 to the jack by both pistons thus producingmaximum speed; whereas if the valve 43 alone is open, the large pistonI5 asiaaee will be inactive thus producing minimum speed; while openingof the valve 45 alone will make the small piston I4 inactive thusproducing intermediate speed. When the'relief valve 31 is open so as toconnect the vconduit 25 with the chamber 25 the spring 22 acting uponthe plunger 2i will cause this plunger to force the liquid from thechamber 25 into the chamber 25 thereby causing the wall I1 to move awayfrom the pump, regardless of the position of the jack or of the pump.

'I'he large piston I5 may be packed by means of sealing rings as shownin Figs. 1 and 4, and

the small piston I4 may be sealed against leakage by a packing ring 1 I,so that no, liquid can ordinarily escape from the chamber 24 toatmosphere, or from the chamber to the chamber 24. The valves 25, 21,5I, 55, 45, 45 are all of the ball type, but need not necessarily be ofthis speciilc type, and the pump valves 25,21 are-*conned within theirzone of action and are accessible by means lof a removable' spaeer12.while the pump valves 5I, 55 are similarly connned by a removable spacer15, see Figs. 2. 4 and f 6. The valves, 45 and springs 41 are normallyconiined by removablel plugs 14lshown in Figs. 3 and 6; and .the safetyrelief valve 55 is normally held to its seat by a spring 15 the tensionof lwhich is adjustable by means of a screw plug 15. see Figs. 3 and 6.The-by-pass or pressure release valve 51 has a spindle provided with athreaded portion 11 coacting with threads on the casing I5, and isoperable from the exterior of Y the pump casing vby a handle or lever15, see Fig.

2. The by-pa'ss valve actuating disk cam 45 is located directly withinthe liquid supply chamber 25asindicatedinFig.3;andhasaseriesof detents15 on one face thereof, which are adapted to coact with the valvelifting pins 45, when the cam 45 is rotated, so as to either open one Ivalve 45, 45 only, or to open both of these valves, or to permit thesprings 41 to closeboth valves.

outwardly of the casing I5, and is provided with a handle or lever 5Ihaving a pointer 52 adapted to cooperate with Fig. 2. During normal useof the improved hydraulic apparatus, the reservoir chamber 25,pumpdisplacement chambers and ports, conduit 25, and jack displacementchamber 25 should iirst be completely `filled with suitable liquid suchas oil, which may be .admitted to the system upon removal of the plug 45and through the port-4I. When the System is being thus nlled with oil,the

reservoir tube I5 should be so positioned that the lcentral passagethrough the floating wall I1 is at the highest point, and a vent plug inthis wall should be opened so as to permit free escapev of all air fromthe hydraulic chambers, passages and conduits. If the plug 45 has beenrestored and the vent has been closed, and with the jack plunger 2| inretracted position as shown in `llig. 1,2

the iioating wall I1 should assume a position substantially as shown inFig. l andthe chamber' with correspondingly different powers. Assuming Itherotarycam45tobesetasshowninl'lg.6

wherein both relier valves u, u ere in closed position, oscillation ofthe handle I5 to reciprocate both'pump pistons II.; I4, will cause both'of these pistons to be effective to withdraw liqindications 55 as shownin astuces uid from the chamber 26 and to discharge the same through theconduit 23 to the iaclr displacechamber 29, thereby causing the plunger2l to move outwardly atmaximum speed. The reciprocating large piston iiiwill. during its outward stroke, draw liquid through. the passage 2d.past the suction valve 25, and during the reu turn stroke oi the pistonthe liquid previously introduced into the displacement chamber 243 iwillbe discharged -past the valve 2i and through the passage 28 and conduit23 to the jaclr chamber 2e. During the outward stroke of the piston Id,liquid will be withdrawn from the chamber 2o through the passage 32 andpast the suction valve 3i, and upon the return stroke the liquid thusadmitted to the chamber 30 will be discharged past the valve 33 throughthe passage 34 and conduit 23 to the chamber 29. During suchreciprocation of the pump pistons, the return valve 31 will, of course,be closed, and the safety valve 3i will also remain closed unless theIpressure in the chamber 29 becomes excessive, whereupon the valve 33will automatically open and will permit Cil liquid to escape through thepassage 38 to the chamber 26. With both pistons I3, Hlthusreciprocating, the jack plunger 2| will be moved' of liquid ior theVpump regardless or the disposition thereof. However, when the returnvalve al' is opened the spring t@ which positively returns the lackplunger El to retracted position, immediately becomes efiective to forcethe excess liquid bach into the chamr 2d, thereby forcing the wah lliaway from the pump in opposition to the atmospheric pressure actingthereon. This action of the jack plunger 2l is positive and taires placeregardless of the disposition of the lack,

thereby insuring return of the liquid to the cham ber 2B irrespective oithe' position oi any ci the elements. Both the cam Htl and the returnvalve 3i are conveniently manipulable from the exterior ofthe'pump'casing I, and all parts of the assemblage while being wellprotected during normal use, are readily accessible for inspection. Therelief valve 39 prevents damage to delicate parts in case the jack isoverloaded, and the entire unit is obviously simple and compact inconstruction and can be readily manipulated by a novice, and thecombined pump and jack system has proven highly successful in actualcommercial use.

It should be understood thatv it is .not desired to limit this inventionto the exact details of construction or to the precise mode of use,herein shown and described, for various modifications Q within the scopeof the claims may occur to per liquid will merely be returned to thechamber 28 past the open valve 46 and through the passages 45, 44. I!the other relief valve 43 is opened by manipulation of thedisk cam 48,and the valve 43 remains closed, then the piston I4 alone will beeffective in delivering liquid to the jack displacement chamber ,29. Thelarge piston I3 will not under such conditions withdraw liquid from thechamber 26, and any liquid which may be coniined in the displacementchamber 24 lwill be returned tothe chamber 28 through the passages 42,44. When the large 4piston I3 is active alone, then the jack plunger 2lis being moved outwardly at an intermediate speed and with somewhatreduced power; but when the small piston Iii alone is active, then theJack plunger 2i is being moved outwardly at minimum speed but withmaximum power. If the rotary cam 48 is adi-usted soas to open bothvalves 43, 46, operation of the pump will produce no movement of becomeeffective to return the plunger 2l to re=` tracted or inactive position,and the plunger 2l will then force liquid from the chamber 29 throughthe conduit 23 and passages 34, 35 into the chamber 26.

From the foregoing detailed description it will be apparent that theimproved pump is conveniently manipulable and operable to cause the jackplunger 2| to move outwardly at three different speeds. During thesuction stroke of each pump piston I3, Il liquid is. of course,withdrawn from the chamber 25, and the reduced pressure caused by thesesuction strokes, combined with the atmospheric pressure acting upon theside ofthe wall I1 remote from the chamber 2B, will cause the movablewall il to constantly advance toward the pump and to maintain anabundant supply sons skilled in the art. i claim l. In a hydraulic pump,a casing having alined Y concentric bores of diilerent diametersdisposed centrally of said casing, apair of alined pistons snuglycoacting with said bores to provide independent displacement chambers ofdierent capacity, a liquid supply reservoir for said chambers rigidlyattached to said casing and projecting laterally from one end of thecasing and away froml said bores, a lever pivotally suspended from saidcasing and being swingable toward and away from said reservoir tosimultaneously reciprocate said pistons, a liquid discharge and returnline connected to the other end of said casing remote from saidreservoir, a set of inlet and outlet valves 0 for controlling theadmission of liquid from said 4said bores and being operable to returnliquid directly from said line to said reservoir, and a pair of controlvalves coniined within said casing on the'other side of said bores andbeing co-operable with said sets of inlet and outlet valves to causeeither or both of said pistons to deliver liquid to said line.

2. In a hydraulic pump, a casing having alined concentric bores ofdifferent diameters disposed centrally of said casing, a pair of alinedpistons snugly coacting .with said bores to provide independentdisplacement chambers of diil'erent capacity, a liquid supply reservoirfor said chambers rigidly attached to said casing and projectinglatchambers to said discharge line, a liquid by-Pass valveconiinedwithin said casing on one side of said bores and being operableto return liquid directly from said line to said reservoir, a pair ,or

' similar control valves confined within said casing on the other'sideof said bores, and cam means for either independently or simultaneouslyopening said control valves to cause either or both of said sets ofinlet and outlet valves and the corresponding plungers to deliver liquidfrom said reservoir to said line.

3. In a hydraulic pump, a casing having alined concentric bores ofdifferent diameters disposed centrally of said casing, a pair of alinedpistons snugly coacting with'said bores to provide independentdisplacement chambers of different caassises 5. In a hydraulic pump, acasing having alined concentric bores ofdinerent diameters disposedcentrally oi' said casing. a pair o! allned pistons snugly coacting withsaid bores to provide independent displacement-chambers o( diiferentcapacity, a liquid supply reservoir for said chambers secured to one endoi' said casing, a lever pivotally suspended from said casing and beingswingable to simultaneously reciprocate said pistons, a liquid pacity, aliquid supply reservoir for said chambers rigidly attached to saidcasing and projecting laterally from one end of the casing and away fromsaid bores, a lever pivotally suspended from said casing and beingswingable toward and away from said reservoir to simultaneouslyreciprocate said pistons, a liquid dischargev and return line connectedto the other end of said casing remote from said reservoir, a set ofinlet and outlet valves i'or controlling the admission of liquid fromsaid reservoir to each of said chambers and from said chambers to, saiddischarge line, a liquid by-pass valve connned within said casing on oneside oi' said bores and being operable to return liquid directly fromsaid line to said reservoir, a control valve interposed between each ofsaid dispiacement chambers and said reservoir for controlling theopening oi said outlet valves by pressure created by said plungers, andcam means for independently opening said control valves or forpermitting simultaneous closure thereof to cause either or both of saidvalve sets andthe corresponding plungers to deliver liquid from saidreservoir to said line.

4. In a hydraulic pump, a casing having alined concentric bores ofdiii'erent diameters disposed' Y said chambers and fromsaid chambers tosaid discharge line, a manually operable liquid by-pass valve operabletoreturn liquid directly from said line to said reservoir, a manuallyoperable control valve interposed between each of sld displacementchambers and said reservoir for' controlling the opening of thecorresponding outlet valves, and means for selectivelyv opening saidcontrol valves.

discharge and return line-connected to the other end of said casingremote from said reservoir, a setot inlet and outlet valves forcontrolling the admission of liquid trom said reservoir to each of saidchambers and from said chambers to said discharge line, a manuallyoperable liquid by-pass valve operable. to return liquid directly fromsaid line to said reservoir, a manually operable control valveinterposed between each of said displacement chambers and said reservoirfor controlling the opening of the corresponding outlet valves, and asingle manually rotatable cam for independently opening said controlvalves or for per- -mitting simultaneous closure thereof to causeeitheror both of said valve sets and the corr'e .'sponding plungers to deliverliquid from said reservoir to said line. p

8.v In a hydraulic pump, a casing having alined concentric bores ofdinerent diameters disposed centrally oi' said casing, a pair of alinedpistons snugly coacting with said bores to provide independentdisplacement chambers oi diilerent capacity, a liquid supply reservoirfor said chambers secured to one end of said casing. a lever pivotally Asuspended from said casing and being swingabie to simultaneouslyreciprocate laid pistons, a liquid discharge and return line connectedto the other end oi' said casing remote from said reservoir, a set ofinlet and outlet valves for controlling the admission oi liquid fromsaid reservoir to each of said chambers and from said chambers w saiddischarge line, a manually operable liquid by-pass valve operable toreturn liquid directly from said line to said reservoir, a manuallyoperable con trol valve interposed between each oifsaid displacementchambers and said reservoir for cong outlet trolling the opening oi' theco valves, and a single manually rotatable cam for independentlropeningsaid control valves or for permitting simultaneo closure thereof tocause either or both ot said valve sets and the correspondingplungersto' deliver .liquid from said reservoir to said line, said by-pass valvebeing conilned within said casing on' one side of said chambers and saidcontrol valves being connned within the casing on the opposite side ofsaid chambers; v

, EDWARD M. PFAUSER.-

